| Regulatory, Anti Hunting News and Other Info |
| KRS 150.411 Taxidermist's records -- Mounting. (1) Every licensed taxidermist shall keep a suitable record for five (5) years in which shall be entered the species of each wildlife mounted by him and the name and address of the person for whom the mounting was done. (2) Any legally taken wildlife may be mounted, provided the wildlife bears identification with the name and address of the owner and date and place taken until such time as it is mounted. (3) A fish and wildlife disposal permit, signed by a conservation officer, must be attached to wildlife taken other than during a legally open hunting season. Such permit will substitute for the identification required in subsection (2) of this section. Effective: July 15, 1988 . |
| KRS 150.4111 Sale of legally taken wildlife. (1) Any person may sell the inedible parts of any legally taken wildlife to a licensed taxidermist for the purpose of mounting. A licensed taxidermist may buy or sell the inedible parts of any legally taken wildlife for the purpose of mounting, except as otherwise prohibited by federal law. Any person may purchase from or sell to a licensed taxidermist any legally mounted specimen. (2) Within ten (10) days after the end of each month, a licensed taxidermist shall send to the department a report indicating the number and name of the wildlife of each species which he purchased during the preceding month and the name and address of the person from whom he purchased the wildlife. Effective: July 15, 1988 |
| links for CWD info and infected States http://fw.ky.gov/cwdfaq.asp http://www.kyagr.com/statevet/cervids/program.htm |
| Wyoming : Ongoing CWD Study Gives Researchers a Glimpse Into How the Disease Affects Elk Populations Date: October 15, 2008 Source: Wyoming Game and Fish Department Contacts: Wyoming Game and Fish Department CHEYENNE-- A long-term study looking at the effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on elk populations suggests the always-fatal disease may not cause precipitous declines in those populations. Researchers at the Wyoming Game and Fish Department's Tom Thorne/Beth Williams Wildlife Research Center at Sybille have been looking at the long-term effects of CWD on an elk population since 2002. "Though the study is not yet complete, there has been significant public interest in the study and what it might tell us about how CWD could affect overall populations of elk, especially elk that are artificially concentrated on Wyoming's winter feedgrounds," said Eric Keszler, WGFD's Public Information Officer. "We know that CWD is always fatal to individual animals, but we also know that animals may be infected for five years or more before they succumb to the disease, so they have a chance to reproduce multiple times. There has never been any research to look at how these factors might affect overall elk population trends in the presence of this disease. Our researchers did some preliminary estimates on the data we have so far to help give the public at least some initial ideas about what this study is telling us." In 2002, 40 elk calves were captured at the National Elk Refuge and brought to Sybille for additional brucellosis research. Because of new federal regulations restricting research on brucellosis at that time, researchers decided to instead use the elk for a long-term CWD research project. CWD has existed at Sybille for almost 30 years and most, if not all, elk and deer housed at Sybille eventually contract CWD, either from the environment or from other infected animals. CWD affects elk in the wild differently, and experts do not yet understand why some wild elk contract CWD and some don't-- or why some elk contract CWD before others. Researchers designed this study to allow the elk to live at Sybille until they became infected with CWD and died; document each animal's age, cause of death, and other data; and then develop models to help predict how elk populations might rise or fall as a result. "We assume that the CWD mortality rates observed at Sybille would represent the most extreme exposure to the CWD infectious prion, because the elk would be exposed to the prion continuously throughout their lives," said Terry Kreeger, Veterinary Services Supervisor for the WGFD. "Thus, this research would be used to design a model to predict the effects of CWD on a wild elk population representing a worst-case scenario. Thirty-one of the 40 original elk in the study have died so far, all from CWD. But most of the elk had one or more calves (not all of the elk were allowed to be bred every year). Researchers have used this data to estimate any future changes for this population of elk. "Accounting for calf production and recruitment and using simple life-table analysis, we estimate there would have been a 47-percent increase in this population," said Kreeger. "That is, there would be 59 elk surviving today from the original population of 40." Kreeger warns that these data are preliminary and that it would be speculative at this point to try and extrapolate these data to any wild elk populations. Once all of the elk in the original study population have died, WGFD researchers will use data from wild elk populations to account for additional factors such as predation mortality, hunting mortality, production, and recruitment to model what effects CWD would have on a free-ranging population using state or federal feedgrounds, where elk are concentrated during the winter. According to WGFD Assistant Wildlife Chief Scott Talbott: "Based on these preliminary data and our life table analysis, in the presence of CWD it appears the elk in this study would maintain a stable or increasing population." |
| Interesting read on Wisc CWD issue -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CWD Advisory Board reject DNR's 10 year plan « on: February 13, 2009, 10:50:10 AM » -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The vast majority of the CWD Advisory Board commissioned by the state of WI to formulate recommendations for a management plan to deal with CWD in the deer herd has come out in opposition to the DNR's 10 year plan. more than 75% (12 of the 15 active members) who attended the required meetings drafted a letter to the Secretary of the DNR, rejecting their plan. This letter was also forwarded onto the Governor, Members of the legislature and the Natural resources Board. The CWD Advisory Board was made up of a varied cross section of members representing a variety stakeholders with an interest in formulating solutions to the CWD issue. Those members rejecting the plan represented: Out-state Landowners & Hunters, CWD area Landowners & Hunters, Deer Hunters New to Wisconsin, The Conservation Congress, Sporting Good Retailers, the WI Wildlife Federation; Farmed Cervid Producers, WI Hunters Rights Coalition and the WI Bowhunters Association. The group rejects the DNR's CWD plan for a variety of issues contained in a 14 page document delivered on Jan. 21st. The document is viewable below The Complete CWD Advisory Board Letter can be accessed below http://www.wisconsinoutdoor.com/cwdreport.htm |
| 301 KAR 2:095. Importation of cervid carcasses and parts. RELATES TO: KRS 150.180, 150.280, 150.290 STATUTORY AUTHORITY: KRS 150.02, 150.720 NECESSITY, FUNCTION, AND CONFORMITY: KRS 150.025 authorizes the department to promulgate administrative regulations to carry out the purposes of KRS Chapter 150, including the management and conservation of wildlife. KRS 150.720 authorizes the department to promulgate administrative regulations pertaining to health requirements and eradication and prevention of wildlife diseases. This administrative regulation establishes procedures for the importation and possession of whole cervid carcasses or carcass parts from states that have known cases of Chronic Wasting Disease. Section 1. Definitions. (1) "Cervid" means a member of the family Cervidae. (2) "Chronic wasting disease (CWD)" means a fatal disease affecting the brain of cervids which belongs to a group of diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. (3) "Clean" means having no meat matter or tissue attached to the carcass part. (4) "Infected state" means a state that has a known case of chronic wasting disease. (5) "Importation" means the transportation of a cervid carcass or carcass part into the Commonwealth. (6) "Whole" means the entire carcass whether eviscerated or not, prior to the carcass being processed. Section 2. Prohibition on the Importation and Possession of a Whole Cervid Carcass or Carcass Part from an Infected State. (1) It shall be unlawful for a person to import or possess a whole cervid carcass or carcass part from an infected state unless he has converted the carcass or part as specified in subsection (2) or (3) of this section. (2) A person may import a cervid carcass or a carcass part from an infected state if: (a) Quarters or other portions of meat have no part of the spinal column or head attached; or (b) Meat has been boned out. (3) A person may possess the following inedible parts of a cervid carcass from an infected area: (a) Antlers; (b) Antlers that are attached to a clean skull plate; (c) A clean skull; (d) Clean upper canine teeth; (e) A finished taxidermy product; or (f) The hide. (29 Ky.R. 3001; eff. 8-13-03.) |
| 301 KAR 2:090. Means by which migratory game birds may be taken Section 2. Transporting, Importing and Exporting. (1) Migratory game birds lawfully killed and possessed in accordance with the hunting laws and regulations of any foreign country or any state in the United States or subdivision thereof, must be imported, exported, or transported in accordance with the provisions specified in Title 50, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 20 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (2) No person shall transport within the United States any migratory game birds, except doves, unless the head or one (1) fully feathered wing remains attached to each such bird at all times while being transported from the place where taken until they have arrived at the personal abode of the possessor or a commercial preservation facility. Section 3. Tagging and Record keeping Requirements. (1) No person shall put or leave any migratory game birds at any place, other than at his personal abode, or in the custody of another person for picking, cleaning, processing, shipping, transportation, or storage, including temporary storage, or for the purpose of having taxidermy services performed, unless such birds have a tag attached, signed by the hunter, stating his address, the total number and species of birds, and the date such birds were killed. Migratory game birds being transported in any vehicle as the personal baggage of the possessor shall not be considered as being in storage or temporary storage. (2) No person shall receive or have in custody any migratory game birds belonging to another person unless such birds are tagged as required under subsection (1) of this section. (3) No person shall transport migratory game birds belonging to another person unless such birds are tagged as required under subsection (1) of this section. Section 4. Commercial Preservation Facilities. (1) No commercial preservation facility shall receive or have in custody any migratory game birds unless such birds are tagged as required in Section 3(1) of this administrative regulation. (2) No commercial preservation facilities shall: (a) Receive or have in custody any migratory game birds unless accurate records are maintained showing the number of each species; the date such birds were received; the name and address of the person from whom such birds were received; the date such birds were disposed of; and the name and address of the person to whom such birds were delivered. (b) Destroy any records required to be maintained under this section for a period of one (1) year following the last entry on the record. (c) Prevent any person authorized to enforce this administrative regulation from entering such facilities at all reasonable hours and inspecting the records and the premises where such operations are being carried on. |
| Kentucky Laws and Regulations affecting Taxidermist |
| Link to US Fish and Wildlife Migratory Info http://www.fws.gov/forms/3-200-8.pdf Taxidermy Permit Links to apply for a Ky Taxidermist License and to register your business with the state of Kentucky http://fw.ky.gov/pdf/commerciallicapp.pdf https://secure.kentucky.gov/sos/ftbr/FAQs.aspx |
| New Bio-Security Regulations Adopted for Taxidermists in Michigan Contact: Mike Bailey 517-373-1263 Agency: Natural Resources April 3, 2009 In the wake of chronic wasting disease (CWD), the Natural Resources Commission has approved new bio-security regulations for Michigan taxidermists. There is evidence from other states to suggest that carcasses from CWD-infected animals have led to new CWD infections. A case of CWD in New York was linked to a business that had both captive cervids and taxidermy operations. The new regulations prohibit taxidermists with captive cervids on their premises from allowing live animals to have contact with any taxidermy materials or waste. All animal waste must be disposed of in a type II landfill, which accepts general household waste. And taxidermists may not provide any parts of deer, elk, or moose to be used for the purposes of attracting animals for hunting, trapping, or other recreational pursuits. The new regulations include increased fees and reporting requirements. It is already illegal for hunters to bring into Michigan any parts of deer, elk or moose other than boned meat, antlers, hides, and cleaned skull caps from animals taken in any state or province where CWD is known to exist. It is illegal to possess such a carcass that has been illegally imported into Michigan. It is also illegal to possess a carcass from the CWD surveillance zone in Kent County, unless it has tested negative for CWD. The new regulations were adopted after many months of meetings involving state wildlife officials, members of the Michigan Taxidermy Association and the public.www.michigan.gov/dnr. |
| Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries PART 21—MIGRATORY BIRD PERMITS Subpart C—Specific Permit Provisions § 21.24 Taxidermist permits. (a) Permit requirement. A taxidermist permit is required before any person may perform taxidermy services on migratory birds or their parts, nests, or eggs for any person other than himself. (b) Application procedures. Submit application for taxidermist permits to the appropriate Regional Director (Attention: Migratory bird permit office). You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Each application must contain the general information and certification required in §13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following additional information: (1) The address of premises where taxidermist services will be provided; (2) A statement of the applicant's qualifications and experience as a taxidermist; and (3) If a State permit is required by State law, a statement as to whether or not the applicant possesses such State permit, giving its number and expiration date. (c) Permit authorizations. A permit authorizes a taxidermist to: (1) Receive, transport, hold in custody or possession, mount or otherwise prepare, migratory birds, and their parts, nests, or eggs, and return them to another. (2) Sell properly marked, captive reared migratory waterfowl which he has lawfully acquired and mounted. Such mounted birds may be placed on consignment for sale and may be possessed by such consignee for the purpose of sale. (d) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, taxidermist permits shall be subject to the following conditions: (1) Permittees must keep accurate records of operations, on a calendar year basis, showing the names and addresses of persons from and to whom migratory birds or their parts, nests, or eggs were received or delivered, the number and species of such, and the dates of receipt and delivery. In addition to the other records required by this paragraph, the permittee must maintain in his files, the original of the completed Form 3–186, Notice of Waterfowl Sale or Transfer, confirming his acquisition of captive reared, properly marked migratory waterfowl from the holder of a current waterfowl sale and disposal permit. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section, the receipt, possession, and storage by a taxidermist of any migratory game birds taken by another by hunting is not authorized unless they are tagged as required by §20.36 of this subchapter. The required tags may be removed during the taxidermy operations but must be retained by the taxidermist with the other records required to be kept and must be reattached to the mounted specimen after mounting. The tag must then remain attached until the mounted specimen is delivered to the owner. (e) Term of permit. A taxidermist permit issued or renewed under this part expires on the date designated on the face of the permit unless amended or revoked, but the term of the permit will not exceed five (5) years from the date of issuance or renewal. [39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 54 FR 38151, Sept. 14, 1989; 63 FR 52637, Oct. 1, 1998; 70 FR 18320, Apr. 11, 2005] |
| Sales and Use Tax Regulation affecting Taxidermist in KY RELATES TO: KRS 139.130 STATUTORY AUTHORITY: KRS 131.130(1) NECESSITY, FUNCTION, AND CONFORMITY: KRS 131.130(1) authorizes the Department of Revenue to promulgate administrative regulations necessary for the administration and enforcement of all tax laws in Kentucky. This administrative regulation establishes sales and use tax requirements for service enterprises in general. Section 1. (1) Persons engaged in the business of rendering service shall be classified as consumers, not retailers, of the tangible personal property which they use incidentally in rendering the service. Tax shall apply to the sale of tangible personal property to consumers. (2) The list in this subsection shall serve as examples of service enterprises: (a) Advertising agencies; (b) Banks; (c) Barbers; (d) Beauty shop operators; (e) Bootblacks; (f) Cleaners; (g) Launderers; (h) Shoe repairmen; (i) Taxidermists; (j) Tire repairers; and (k) Similar enterprises. Section 2. (1) Persons rendering professional services shall be classified as consumers, not retailers, of the tangible personal property which they use incidentally in rendering their services. (2) The list in this subsection shall serve as examples of persons rendering professional services: (a) Accountants; (b) Architects; (c) Audience research service providers; (d) Cable television service providers; (e) Construction information service providers; (f) Engineers; and (g) Lawyers. Section 3. If a person engaged in the business of rendering services also regularly engages in the business of selling tangible personal property to consumers, that person shall be classified as a retailer with respect to the sales, and shall obtain permits, file returns, and remit tax measured by the sales.. Section 4. (1) This administrative regulation shall replace Revenue Policies 51P440, 51P441, and 51P442. (2) Revenue Policies 51P440, 51P441, and 51P442 are hereby rescinded and shall be null, void, and unenforceable. (SU-21-2; 1 Ky.R. 144; eff. 12-11-74; 33 Ky.R. 2343; 3150; eff. 5-4-2007; Tam eff. 5-20-09.) Link to information for Sales and Use Tax requirements http://www.revenue.ky.gov/business/salesanduse.htm |
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| 150.305 Possession of wildlife or raw fur out of season -- Inspection of commercial frozen food lockers. (1) Subject to regulations adopted under this chapter and except as otherwise provided in this section, no person shall have in his possession any wildlife protected by this chapter, or any raw fur, except during the open season for the particular species, unless such person be the holder of a valid permit issued pursuant to the provisions of KRS 150.275 or 150.280. (2) Any person who has legally taken any wildlife may possess same in cold storage. If possessed in a commercial locker plant, the name of the taker, his license number, the date of taking, and the number and species of wildlife must be marked on the package in which the same is stored. Legally imported wildlife from other states or countries may be similarly held. (3) Federal regulations shall govern the possession of migratory wild birds. (4) To facilitate the enforcement of subsection (2) of this section, the commissioner, or such agents and employees of the department as may be designated by him, shall have authority to inspect all commercial frozen food lockers within the State of Kentucky at such periods and intervals as the commissioner shall, in the exercise of a reasonable discretion, fix and determine. No search warrant or other legal process shall be required of any properly authorized person as a condition precedent to the making of the inspections herein authorized. Effective: July 15, 1986 History: Amended 1986 Ky. Acts ch. 265, sec. 14, effective July 15, 1986. -- Amended 1968 Ky. Acts ch. 38, sec. 14. -- Amended 1952 Ky. Acts ch. 200, sec. 42. -- Amended 1948 Ky. Acts ch. 78, sec. 15. -- Created 1946 Ky. Acts ch. 84, sec. 11 |
| 150.720 Administrative regulations relating to cervids -- Costs resulting from importation of diseased animal. (1) The Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources shall promulgate administrative regulations pertaining to health requirements, eradication of diseases, importation and unique individual identification, including visual identification tags, of privately owned and farm raised cervids maintained for the production of meat and other products. Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of the Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources to regulate the unique individual identification, including visual identification, of captive cervids that are not privately owned and farm-raised cervids maintained for the production of meat and other products. The Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture, shall promulgate administrative regulations pertaining to the holding of cervids. (2) If any person imports a diseased animal into the Commonwealth in violation of the statutes and administrative regulations, then that person shall be responsible to the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources for all costs incurred in the investigation, response, and eradication of that disease. Effective: June 25, 2009 History: Amended 2009 Ky. Acts ch. 62, sec. 2, effective June 25, 2009. -- Created 2002 Ky. Acts ch. 88, sec. 1, effective March 28, 2002. |
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| U.S. FISH &WILDLIFE SERVICE OFFICE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT Importing Personal Sport-hunted Trophies from Africa: Guidelines for U.S. Hunters General Requirements • Most hunting trophies imported from Africa must come through a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designated port. Under limited circumstances, you may be authorized under permit to use a port that does not normally handle wildlife trade. You must show that using one of our designated ports would result in substantial deterioration or loss of the wildlife, or would cause undue economic hardship. If you are importing your trophy through a non-designated port, you must have a copy of your valid port exception permit. You can find general information on importing, including our ports at: http://www.fws. gov/le/ImpExp/Info_Importers_Exporters.htm. • You must file a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) with our wildlife inspectors at an authorized FWS port of entry and receive clearance before U.S. Customs and Border Protection releases your shipment. You may file your declaration electronically (https://edecs.fws.gov/) or in hard copy form (form available at: http://www.fws. gov/le/ImpExp/faqs.htm). • We will charge a premium fee for inspecting your protected species trophy when you clear it through a designated port during normal business hours. You will pay both base inspection and premium fees if you use a port exception permit. You will pay overtime fees if you import outside of normal business hours. The Service also charges a fee when you apply for CITES or other wildlife import permits. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) • If your trophy animal is protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), you will need an original valid CITES export document from the country of export or re-export. If the animal is listed on CITES Appendix I (for example, leopard), you also need an original import permit from the United States. You must obtain this permit from the Service before you import your trophy. • Trophies must be imported into the United States before all of your documents expire, and your CITES documents must be validated upon export by the foreign country’s inspecting officials. Your CITES documents must contain the information required by our regulations. See our guidance at: http://www.fws.gov/le/ImpExp/Info_Importers_Exporters.htm. • If you import worked, manufactured or handicraft items made from your trophy for use as clothing, curios, ornamentation, jewelry, or other utilitarian items, you must have CITES documents that indicate a purpose other than hunting (H) for the items (i.e., personal, commercial). If you plan to import curios or other items either separately or in your trophy shipment that you purchased while overseas, be aware that there might be restrictions on what you can import. • You must follow all permit conditions and make sure your trophies are tagged or marked as required. For example, crocodile or leopard skins must have a CITES tag inserted through the skin and locked in place using the locking mechanism of the tag. A mounted trophy must be accompanied by the tag from the skin used to make the mount. CITES documents must contain all the information that appears on the CITES tag. Stricter U.S. Wildlife Laws • You should be aware that there are several U.S. wildlife laws that may restrict the import of your trophy. If the animal is protected by the Endangered Species Act (for example, leopard, brown hyena or bontebok), you will need to obtain an endangered species import permit before importing your trophy. You can find the list of endangered species at: http://www. fws.gov/endangered/wildlife.html. Some bird trophies (for example, hoopoe) may need permits under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. You can find the list of migratory birds at: http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/intrnltr/mbta/mbtintro.html. • Many countries require export permits for wildlife, even for species not protected under CITES. Be sure to check with the exporting country for any additional requirements. Importing trophies without permits required by a foreign country is a violation of U.S. law. Other Agency Requirements • Many hunting trophies are subject to requirements and restrictions enforced by other U.S. federal agencies. • General import requirements for U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) can be found at: http://www.customs.ustreas. gov/xp/cgov/import/infrequent_importer_info/. If you are exporting and re-importing any guns, you should register with CBP before you go (http://www.customs.ustreas.gov/xp/cgov/travel/vacation/kbyg/register_items.xml). • You can find animal import information for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/NCIE/, including specific guidelines for importing ruminant, swine and bird trophies. Hunters should be aware that some shipments may need to be consigned and shipped to a USDA approved establishment. • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have restrictions on the import of animals that might be vectors, hosts or agents of disease. You can find information on these restrictions, in particular, on African rodents, non-human primates, and civets at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dq/animal.htm. For additional information, contact: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement Phone: 703-358-1949 Fax: 703-358-2271 E-mail: lawenforcement@fws.gov |
| Game Bird Hunting In Canada: Bringing Your Birds Home If you are a U.S. resident and plan to hunt game birds in Canada, you need to be familiar with wildlife importation rules and regulations enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). The information below should help you complete your hunting trip within the law. Service Requirements •You may bring migratory game birds (ducks, geese, swans, doves, pigeons, cranes, rails, coots, gallinules, woodcock, and snipe) and other game species that you legally kill in Canada back with you to the United States. •Each migratory game bird you import must have one fully feathered wing attached so that its species can be identified. This wing must remain on the bird until you reach your home or deliver the carcass to an appropriate processing, taxidermy, or preservation facility in the United States. •Because of this identification requirement, you may not import processed items made from birds you take, such as sausage. •You may not import any birds belonging to another individual. •You may enter the country with game birds that you legally killed in Canada through any U.S. Customs port of entry or border crossing. •You may also mail or ship your game birds back to the United States. You must put the full name and address of the exporter and importer on the package. You must also conspicuously mark the package on the outside with an accurate description of the contents, including the number and species of birds. •You may import as many waterfowl as Canadian authorities allow you to export. This number usually corresponds to daily bag and possession limits. •You may not import doves and pigeons in excess of the amounts found in 50 CFR 20.61(a) during any calendar week beginning on Sunday. •You may import sandhill cranes (a species listed on Appendix II of CITES--the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) without a Canadian CITES export permit only when you bring your hunting trophies home as part of your accompanying baggage. This exemption does not apply to taxidermy trophies. All other relevant permit, certificate, or license requirements still apply, and these documents must be presented to officials at the border as required. •Because you are importing wildlife, you must file a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish and Wildlife (form 3-177) with the Service or U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) when you come back to the United States. •You must also provide any export permits, tags, or other documents required by Canada, including a copy of your hunting license. •You may download and print a copy of the required import/export form 3-177 or you may contact any Service inspection office or CBP before you leave. •If you return to the United States at a border crossing or airport staffed by Service officers, our wildlife inspectors may examine your birds. Wildlife inspectors monitor wildlife imports and exports; conducting physical inspections helps them ensure that both commercial shippers and international travelers comply with U.S. and international wildlife protection laws and regulations. CBP officers may also look at your birds. •You may not import waterfowl or other game birds killed illegally under any Canadian law, including provincial hunting rules and regulations. Such importations violate both the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Lacey Act – a U.S. law that makes it a Federal offense to import wildlife taken in violation of state, tribal, or foreign law. •If you have additional questions about importing waterfowl or other game birds from Canada, please contact any Service wildlife inspection office. Other Agency Requirements Other Federal agencies, including Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), also regulate the importation of game birds. In addition to reviewing the information provided below, we recommend that you check directly with these other agencies before you travel. •You must present your Service declaration (form 3-177) to a CBP officer if you import game birds at ports where no Service inspectors are stationed. •USDA/APHIS regulates the importation of animal parts including game birds. That agency may introduce permit, consignment or other requirements at any time in response to the outbreak of wildlife diseases (such as avian influenza). •To obtain up-to-date information on such requirements, hunters should consult the USDA/APHIS National Import-Export Center at (301) 734-3277 or by fax (301) 734-8226. |
| Game Bird Hunting In Mexico: Bringing Your Birds Home If you are a U.S. resident and plan to hunt game birds in Mexico, you need to be familiar with wildlife importation rules and regulations enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). The information below should help you complete your hunting trip within the law. Service Requirements •You may bring migratory game birds (ducks, geese, swans, doves, pigeons, cranes, rails, coots, gallinules, woodcock, and snipe) and other game species that you legally kill in Mexico back with you to the United States. •Each migratory game bird you import must have one fully feathered wing attached so that its species can be identified. This wing must remain on the bird until you reach your home or deliver the carcass to an appropriate processing, taxidermy, or preservation facility in the United States. •Because of this identification requirement, you may not import processed items made from birds you take, such as sausage. •You may not import any birds belonging to another individual. •You may enter the country with game birds that you legally killed in Mexico through any U.S. Customs port of entry or border crossing. •You may also mail or ship your game birds back to the United States. You must put the full name and address of the exporter and importer on the package. You must also conspicuously mark the package on the outside with an accurate description of the contents, including the number and species of birds. •You may import as many waterfowl as Mexican authorities allow you to export. This number usually corresponds to daily bag and possession limits. •You may not import doves and pigeons in excess of the amounts permitted by Mexican authorities. •Because you are importing wildlife, you must file a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish and Wildlife (form 3-177) with the Service or U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) when you come back to the United States. •You must also provide any export permits, tags, or other documents required by Mexico, including a copy of your hunting license. •You may download and print a copy of the required declaration form 3-177 or you may contact any Service inspection office or CBP before you leave. •If you return to the United States at a border crossing or airport staffed by Service officers, our wildlife inspectors may examine your birds. Wildlife inspectors monitor wildlife imports and exports; conducting physical inspections helps them ensure that both commercial shippers and international travelers comply with U.S. and international wildlife protection laws and regulations. CBP officers may also look at your birds. •You may not import waterfowl or other game birds killed illegally under any Mexican law, including state hunting rules and regulations. Such importations violate both the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Lacey Act – a U.S. law that makes it a Federal offense to import wildlife taken in violation of state, tribal, or foreign law. •If you have additional questions about importing waterfowl or other game birds from Mexico, please contact any Service wildlife inspection office. Other Agency Requirements Other Federal agencies, including Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), also regulate the importation of game birds. In addition to reviewing the information provided below, we recommend that you check directly with these other agencies before you travel. •You must present your Service declaration (form 3-177) to a CBP officer if you import game birds at ports where no Service inspectors are stationed. •Because of the outbreak of avian flu and the continued presence of Exotic Newcastle Disease in Mexico, the USDA requires permits for game birds imported into the United States from Mexico. •Hunters returning with game birds from Mexico must consign them to an approved USDA facility. •To find out more about USDA/APHIS procedures and permits, contact that agency’s National Import-Export Center, at (301) 734- 3277 or fax (301) 734-8226. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ncie/ http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/manuals/port/APM_Chapters.htm There are also USDA Regulations to be followed in addition to USFWLS |
| "USDA" Guidelines for the Importation of Ruminant, Swine, and Bird Trophies A. Fully taxidermy finished trophies: United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services National Center for Import and Export 4700 River Road Unit 40 Riverdale, MD 20737 Telephone: (301) 734-3277 Facsimile: (301) 734-8226 Fully taxidermy finished1 trophies have unrestricted entry according to import regulations maintained by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS), National Center for Import and Export (NCIE). However, the importer should contact the Department of Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their import requirements. 1Fully taxidermy finished refers to the professionally cleaned (free of dirt, blood, insects, putrid odors, etc.), processed and preserved hunted animal or parts of the animal. These trophies have been professionally prepared, and they may be stuffed, mounted, for the purpose of personal exhibit. If fully taxidermy finished trophies are shipped with unfinished trophies they will be subjected to the same restrictions as trophies that are not fully taxidermy finished. The remainder of this document provides guidance mainly for importing trophies which are not fully taxidermy finished (“unfinished”). B. Hides and Skins: Hides and skins of ruminants, swine and birds are eligible to be imported UNRESTRICTED if one or more of the following conditions is met: 1. Ruminant hides/skins: a. The ruminant hide has been processed into a finished product (i.e. leather, rug, jacket, etc.) b. The ruminant hides were derived from ruminant animals that originated from countries free of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and Rinderpest (RP). A certificate of origin may be requested by port inspector as proof of origin. c. The ruminant hides/skins are flint-dried (hard-dried). d. The ruminant hides have been tanned. e. The ruminant hides/skins have been pickled in a salt solution containing mineral acid and the pH is verified to be 5 or lower. f. The ruminant hides have been limed and dehaired and are pliable. Page 1 of 4 Safeguarding American Agriculture APHIS is an agency of USDA’s Marketing and Regulatory Programs An Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Guidelines for the importation of … trophies (cont.) Page 2 of 4 2. Swine hides/skins: a. The swine hide has been processed into a finished product (i.e. leather, rug, etc.) b. The swine hides were derived from swine that originated from countries free of FMD, RP and African swine fever (ASF) diseases. A certificate of origin may be requested by port inspector as proof of origin. c. The swine hides have been tanned. d. The swine hides/skins have been flint-dried and originate from countries considered by USDA to be free of ASF. A certificate of origin may be requested by port inspector as proof of origin. e. The swine hides/skins have been pickled in salt solution containing mineral acid and the pH is verified to be 5 or lower. f. The swine hides have been limed and dehaired and are pliable. 3. Bird hides/skins “capes” a. The bird cape has been processed into a finished product (i.e. leather, mount, etc.) b. The bird capes were derived from birds that originated from countries free of exotic Newcastle disease (END) and highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 (HPAI, H5N1). A certificate of origin may be requested by port inspector as proof of origin. c. The bird capes originated from a HPAI, H5N1 free country and have been adequately processed according to USDA, APHIS, VS. 4. If none of the previous conditions are met, the ruminant, swine, or bird hides/skins/capes must be consigned to a USDA approved establishment for treatment to guard against the dissemination of FMD, RP diseases and END.2 USDA, APHIS, VS, NCIE does not place bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) restrictions on ruminant hides3. 2Please note: This option DOES NOT apply to bird skins/capes that originated from countries that USDA, APHIS, VS, NCIE considers to be affected with HPAI, H5N1. These bird skins/capes must be processed in the country of origin to inactivate the HPAI, H5N1 virus and be imported accompanied by an import permit issued by USDA, APHIS, VS, NCIE. 3 To view the country disease status listing as considered by USDA, APHIS, VS, NCIE, please visit our website at www.aphis.usda. gov/vs/ncie/country.html. Guidelines for the importation of … trophies (cont.) Page 3 of 4 C. Bones: 1. Definition: Title 9, Code of Federal Regulations (9CFR) makes a distinction between bones imported as trophies (Part 95.11) and bones that do not meet the conditions and requirements of a trophy (Part 95.12). It states that bones imported as trophies that are clean and dry and free of undried pieces of flesh, hide, and sinew may be imported without further restrictions. Therefore, it is important to understand USDA, APHIS, VS, NCIE’s definition of trophy. For the purpose of this document, bone “trophies” are defined as, the bones (including skulls, antlers, teeth, horns and hoofs) of an animal carcass that can be used as a remembrance or souvenir of “the hunt” that are in a condition suitable for immediate mounting and are for personal use only. Distribution in any commercial channel is prohibited. Shipments of “bony souvenirs of a hunt” that DO NOT meet the USDA, APHIS, VS’s definition of “trophy,” will be regulated as a shipment of commercial bones4. 4Please note: Commercial shipments of ruminant bones (except cervid bones from Canada) are prohibited from regions considered by USDA, APHIS, VS, NCIE to be affected with/or at risk of having BSE as listed in 9CFR Part 94.18(a). A copy of the importer’s hunting license/permit will be required to determine whether a shipment of bones is to be considered trophy instead of commercial. The hunting license/permit (or other documentation that conclusively demonstrates lawful possession of a game animal) from the country of origin must be issued by the foreign government (at the Federal, Regional, or Departmental level), not by the outfitter. This documentation must be in English or be accompanied by a government endorsed English translation, and it should identify the animal species and (if applicable) indicate to the quantity of animals allowed to be hunted. The USDA limits the quantity of bone trophies allowed to be imported to those taken from 2 animals unless a greater number is authorized by the hunting license/permit. 2. Import Requirements: a. Ruminant bony trophies (including bones, antlers, teeth, skulls, horns, etc.) may be imported into the U.S. under the following conditions (which are subject to port inspector verification): 1) The ruminant bony trophies are clean (free of dirt, blood, insects, etc.), dry, free of undried pieces of hide, flesh, sinew, AND the bones are offered as trophies, (or for consignment to a museum) provided there is no distribution into commercial channels. Such ruminant trophy or museum bones, (even though not fully taxidermy finished) can be released to the importer or broker without restrictions. Guidelines for the importation of … trophies (cont.) Page 4 of 4 2) Ruminant bony trophies which do not meet the conditions above, may be imported if consigned to a USDA approved establishment where they will be treated or processed in a manner to guard against the dissemination of FMD, RP and anthrax. NOTE ***As mentioned above, commercial shipments of ruminant bones (except cervid bones from Canada) are prohibited from regions considered by USDA to be affected with/or at risk of having BSE. b. Swine bony trophies (including bones, teeth, tusks, etc). 1) Originating from a country considered by USDA to be free of ASF: a) The swine bony trophies that are clean (free of dirt, blood, insects, etc.), dry, free of undried pieces of hide, flesh, sinew, AND offered for entry as trophies (provided there is no distribution into commercial channels) have unrestricted entry. b) Swine bony trophies which do not meet the conditions provided in “a” above (i.e. the trophies are dirty or are for commercial distribution), may be imported if consigned to a USDA approved establishment where they will be treated or processed in a manner to guard against the dissemination of FMD, RP and anthrax. 2) Originating from countries considered by USDA to be affected with ASF (regardless of cleanliness): a) These swine bony trophies must be consigned to a USDA approved establishment. D. Trophies from Canada 1. All of the above conditions apply to trophies that originate in Canada, except for cervid (deer, elk, moose, and caribou) trophies. 2. Cervid trophies – The USDA has not imposed any restrictions on cervid products from BSE minimal-risk regions (Canada) because of BSE. Therefore, cervid trophies from Canada are not subject to BSE restrictions. Hunters may import their cervid trophy that was hunted in Canada without restriction. Hunters should have documentation that demonstrates proof of Canadian origin for their cervid trophies (i.e. Canadian hunting license/certificate [Provincial, Tribal or CFIA issued], Game Farm or Outfitter receipt, or other document provided by the Game farm or Outfitter, etc.). Hunters are also advised to contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their import requirements. |
| National News : Species Barrier May Protect Macaques from Chronic Wasting Disease Date: July 29, 2009 Source: National Institutes of Health (NIH) Contacts: Ken Pekoc 406-375-9690 Data from an ongoing multi-year study suggest that people who consume deer and elk with chronic wasting disease (CWD) may be protected from infection by an inability of the CWD infectious agent to spread to people. The results to date show that 14 cynomolgus macaques exposed orally or intracerebrally to CWD remain healthy and symptom free after more than six years of observation, though the direct relevance to people is not definitive and remains under study. Cynomolgus macaques often are used as research models of human disease because they are very close genetically to humans and are susceptible to several forms of human brain-damaging disease. Thus, it was decided to see whether exposure to CWD could induce disease in the macaques. The study appears online in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases. CWD is a type of brain-damaging disease known as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) or prion disease. CWD primarily affects deer, elk, and moose. Other TSE diseases include mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, scrapie in sheep, and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. Humans are not susceptible to sheep scrapie, but BSE appears to have infected about 200 people, primarily in Europe in the 1990s. Those findings provided the rationale for the present CWD-macaque study, which began in 2003. "We plan to continue this study for at least several more years because, although the risk to macaques so far appears to be low, we know that these diseases can take more than 10 years to develop," says Bruce Chesebro, M.D., chief of the Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Mont. RML is part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The RML group is leading the study with collaborators from the Colorado Division of Wildlife; State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; American Red Cross; and the University of Wyoming. The findings by the RML group support published field studies done by others in regions of Colorado and Wyoming where CWD is endemic. Between 1979 and 2001, there were no significant increases in human TSE diseases despite the likelihood that hunters in those areas were exposed to CWD through contact with infected animal tissue and contaminated hunting tools such as knives and saws. Extensive laboratory data also supports a human species barrier against CWD. Notably, the RML study also included identical testing in squirrel monkeys, which are genetically less similar to humans than macaques. Of 15 squirrel monkeys exposed orally to CWD, two displayed disease symptoms 69 months after infection. Of 13 squirrel monkeys exposed intracerebrally to CWD, 11 displayed symptoms between 33 and 53 months after infection. In symptomatic animals, the presence of the CWD agent was confirmed in brain, spleen and lymph nodes. The results in squirrel monkeys were not surprising because a study elsewhere in two squirrel monkeys yielded similar results. The study by the RML group was different, however, in that it tested oral exposure to CWD and also studied eight CWD samples from different areas of the country. The results in squirrel monkeys confirmed that disease progression in that species appears consistent with disease progression in deer and elk, where severe weight loss is nearly always present. "The fact that the squirrel monkeys, like the deer and elk, suffered severe weight loss suggests that chronic wasting disease might affect a common region of the brain in different species," notes Dr. Chesebro. NIAID conducts and supports research — at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide—to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID Web. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) — The Nation's Medical Research Agency — includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit the NIH website. |
| News Release For Immediate Release 1/20/2010 Contact Nelson Lafon, Deer Project Leader (Nelson.Lafon@dgif.virginia.gov), 540-248-9360 Cale Godfrey, Wildlife Division Assistant Director (Cale.Godfrey@dgif.virginia.gov), 804-367-6482 Chronic Wasting Disease Found in White-tailed Deer in Virginia The Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) received laboratory confirmation on January 19, 2010, that a white- tailed deer tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD). This is the first confirmed case of CWD in Virginia. The deer was killed by a hunter in Frederick County less than one mile from the West Virginia line. With this case, Virginia now joins 17 other states and Canadian provinces with CWD, five of which are east of the Mississippi River. "This was not unexpected," stated VDGIF Executive Director Bob Duncan. "Our wildlife professionals have been preparing for this for some time. The surveillance efforts have been critical and we appreciate the hunters, check station operators, and other cooperators who have supported our efforts." CWD is a disease of deer and has not been found to be transmitted to humans or other animals. To learn more about CWD in Virginia and about the agency's CWD Response Plan visit www.dgif.virginia.gov/cwd. This is the first positive test sample out of nearly 5,000 deer tested in the Commonwealth since 2001. VDGIF has been sampling hunter-killed and road-killed deer from the Active Surveillance Area in western Frederick and Shenandoah counties since 2005, when CWD was first detected near Slanesville, West Virginia, within ten miles of the state line. Between 2005 and 2009, CWD has been detected in 62 deer in Hampshire County, West Virginia, out of nearly 10,000 total deer sampled during that time. Several have been found within five miles of the Virginia line. Agency officials from West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) and VDGIF continue to share information and coordinate their responses. For more information on CWD in West Virginia please see the WVDNR website at http://www.wvdnr.org/. VDGIF is also working in consultation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. How did VDGIF detect CWD in Virginia? Since 2002, when CWD was first detected east of the Mississippi River (in Wisconsin), the Department developed a CWD Response Plan. Parts of the plan have been activated since 2005, after West Virginia discovered CWD. The Response Plan has been updated and revised several times, as recently as December 2009, as new information becomes available. The VDGIF CWD Response Plan is designed to define the magnitude and geographic extent of a CWD outbreak and control the transmission of the disease. The 2-year-old female deer that tested positive was killed by a hunter on November 14, 2009, on private land west of Gore, Virginia, in Frederick County less than one mile from the West Virginia line. As part of VDGIF’s CWD surveillance program, the hunter submitted the harvested deer for tissue sampling by VDGIF staff working at a local check station. VDGIF submitted samples to two different laboratories, first for initial testing, and then for independent confirmation. Testing generally takes 6-8 weeks VDGIF obtained 206 samples from hunter-killed and road-killed deer in the Active Surveillance Area near West Virginia during the 2009-10 hunting season. The agency is awaiting initial laboratory results for 37 of these samples taken at the end of the season. Hunters who submitted deer heads for tissue samples to test for CWD can check on results by visiting the Department's website at www.dgif.virginia.gov/cwdresults. VDGIF cannot guarantee that all hunter-submitted animals were tested. What is CWD? Are people at risk? CWD is a slow, progressive neurological (brain and nervous system) disease found in deer, elk, and moose in North America. The disease ultimately results in death. Species known to be susceptible include elk, red deer, moose, mule deer, white-tailed deer, and black-tailed deer. CWD belongs to a family of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. There is no evidence that CWD can be naturally transmitted to livestock or other (non deer) animals. There is no current scientific evidence that CWD has ever infected humans. However, it is recommended that human exposure to the CWD agent be avoided, and the Department recommends that hunters take simple precautions such as not consuming any deer that appear abnormal or sick, and wearing gloves when field dressing and boning out the meat. In addition, it is recommended that hunters avoid consuming meat and tissues from known CWD-infected animals. It must be remembered that the CWD test is designed for surveillance purposes and is not a food safety test. The CWD tests will detect the causative agent at a certain level in the tissue, and a result of "not detected" does not guarantee that the agent is not present at low levels. How is VDGIF addressing CWD detection in Virginia? The new detection in Frederick County, Virginia, will further activate the VDGIF CWD Response Plan which enhances surveillance and disease control measures. The CWD Response Plan is available on the Department website at www.dgif.virginia.gov/cwd. VDGIF Executive Director Bob Duncan noted, "For many years, Department staff and our Board of Game and Inland Fisheries have been proactive in working to reduce Virginia's CWD risk." Prevention and early detection remain important components of Virginia's CWD program. Given that CWD is likely transmitted deer- to-deer or through environmental contamination by infected deer, activities that unnaturally concentrate deer or move deer or deer carcasses likely increase the risk of spreading CWD. Therefore, since 2002, VDGIF has: 1) Actively conducted CWD surveillance activities throughout Virginia , and targeted surveillance of suspected risk factors; 2) Changed regulations and permit conditions to ban the importation of live deer and elk into and within Virginia; 3) Strengthened captive deer requirements related to animal marking, record keeping, facility inspections, and mortality reporting; 4) Prohibited the importation of whole deer carcasses and selected parts into Virginia from states known to have CWD; 5) Prohibited the feeding of deer in Virginia from September 1 through the first weekend in January each year; 6) Prohibited the relocation of rehabilitated deer out of Frederick or Shenandoah counties; 7) Provided accurate and timely information about CWD to deer hunters and the general public through news releases, pamphlets, magazine articles and other media outlets. Persons who have questions or need additional information about CWD should visit the Department's website at www.dgif.virginia. gov/cwd. |
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CWD Found in Captive Deer The Missouri Departments of Agriculture, Conservation and Health and Senior Services and USDA announced Feb. 25 that a captive white-tailed deer in Linn County has tested positive for Chronic Wasting Disease. CWD is a neurological disease found in deer, elk and moose. "There is no evidence that CWD poses a risk to domestic animals or humans," said State Veterinarian Dr. Taylor Woods. "We have protocols in place to quickly and effectively handle these situations." The animal that tested positive for CWD was a white-tailed deer inspected as part of the state's CWD surveillance and testing program. The USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa conducted preliminary tests. Upon receiving the confirmed CWD positive, Missouri's departments of Agriculture, Conservation and Health and Senior Services initiated their CWD Contingency Plan. The plan was developed in 2002 by the Cervid Health Committee, a task force comprised of veterinarians, animal health officers and conservation officers from USDA, MDA, MDC and DHSS working together to mitigate challenges associated with CWD. CWD is transmitted by animal-to-animal contact or soil-to-animal contact. The disease was first recognized in 1967 in captive mule deer in the Colorado Division of Wildlife captive wildlife research facility in Fort Collins. CWD has been documented in deer and/or elk in Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and the Canadian Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. There has been no evidence that the disease can be transmitted to humans. "Missouri's proactive steps to put a testing protocol in place and create a contingency plan years ago are proving beneficial. We are in a solid position to follow pre-established steps to ensure Missouri's valuable whitetail deer resource remains healthy and strong," said Jason Sumners Missouri's deer biologist. For more information regarding CWD, contact Dr. Taylor Woods at (573) 751-3377. Source: Missouri Department of Agriculture |
| Utah reports first case of CWD in elk Samples taken from deer, elk and moose taken during Utah's fall hunt turned up five cases of chronic wasting disease in mule deer, and for the first time ever in the state, in a cow elk. "It was not really a surprise," said Leslie McFarlane, wildlife disease specialist with the DWR. "It came from an area where we have the highest prevalence of CWD in deer in the state. Elk do not have a high prevalence of the disease." The Salt Lake Tribune |
| Updated List of states where CWD has been found As of March 2010, CWD has been found in 18 states and 2 Canadian Provinces: Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, West Virginia, Virginia, Missouri, North Dakota , Wisconsin, Wyoming, Alberta, and Saskatchewan |